VFR Over The Top Rating

General

Visual Flight Rules require that pilots flying VFR must maintain visual contact with the ground at all times. This precludes flight above any cloud layer that constitutes a ceiling (i.e.: broken or overcast). In some cases this may prevent the completion of a VFR flight, despite the fact that prevailing weather at both the departure and destination aerodromes is VFR.

The VFR OTT rating may be added to the Canadian Private Pilot License and allows a rated pilot to transit above a broken or overcast layer provided that certain conditions are met. These conditions relate to the minimum weather requirements as well as essential equipment that must be carried and serviceable.

Requirements for Issuance of the VFR Over The Top Rating

VFR-OTT does not permit flight into cloud, and must be conducted with reference to a visible horizon. However, navigation must be conducted without visual reference to the ground. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of inadvertent flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). Aviation Regulations (CARS) therefore specify that following requirements must be satisfied to obtain a VFR OTT Rating:

1. TrainingThe candidate must complete a minimum of 15 hours of dual instrument flight instruction prior to being granted the VFR-OTT Rating.
2. ExperienceThe candidate must hold a valid and current Canadian Private Pilot License.
3. Skill & KnowledgeThere is no flight test or written examination required. The candidate must demonstrate to a licensed Flight Instructor that he/she has adequate knowledge and skill to:
   1. control and operate the aircraft under simulated instrument conditions
   2. navigate without reference to the ground using radio navigation aids or GPS.

   The instructor will then recommend the candidate for the rating.